766 research outputs found
Braitenberg Vehicles as Developmental Neurosimulation
The connection between brain and behavior is a longstanding issue in the
areas of behavioral science, artificial intelligence, and neurobiology.
Particularly in artificial intelligence research, behavior is generated by a
black box approximating the brain. As is standard among models of artificial
and biological neural networks, an analogue of the fully mature brain is
presented as a blank slate. This model generates outputs and behaviors from a
priori associations, yet this does not consider the realities of biological
development and developmental learning. Our purpose is to model the development
of an artificial organism that exhibits complex behaviors. We will introduce
our approach, which is to use Braitenberg Vehicles (BVs) to model the
development of an artificial nervous system. The resulting developmental BVs
will generate behaviors that range from stimulus responses to group behavior
that resembles collective motion. Next, we will situate this work in the domain
of artificial brain networks. Then we will focus on broader themes such as
embodied cognition, feedback, and emergence. Our perspective will then be
exemplified by three software instantiations that demonstrate how a BV-genetic
algorithm hybrid model, multisensory Hebbian learning model, and multi-agent
approaches can be used to approach BV development. We introduce use cases such
as optimized spatial cognition (vehicle-genetic algorithm hybrid model), hinges
connecting behavioral and neural models (multisensory Hebbian learning model),
and cumulative classification (multi-agent approaches). In conclusion, we will
revisit concepts related to our approach and how they might guide future
development.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
Transformer-Based Multi-Aspect Multi-Granularity Non-Native English Speaker Pronunciation Assessment
Automatic pronunciation assessment is an important technology to help
self-directed language learners. While pronunciation quality has multiple
aspects including accuracy, fluency, completeness, and prosody, previous
efforts typically only model one aspect (e.g., accuracy) at one granularity
(e.g., at the phoneme-level). In this work, we explore modeling multi-aspect
pronunciation assessment at multiple granularities. Specifically, we train a
Goodness Of Pronunciation feature-based Transformer (GOPT) with multi-task
learning. Experiments show that GOPT achieves the best results on
speechocean762 with a public automatic speech recognition (ASR) acoustic model
trained on Librispeech.Comment: Accepted at ICASSP 2022. Code at https://github.com/YuanGongND/gopt
Interactive Colab demo at
https://colab.research.google.com/github/YuanGongND/gopt/blob/master/colab/GOPT_GPU.ipynb
. ICASSP 202
Asynchronous RIS-assisted Localization: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fundamental Limits
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn considerable attention
for its ability to enhance the performance of not only the wireless
communication but also the indoor localization with low-cost. This paper
investigates the performance limits of the RIS-based near-field localization in
the asynchronous scenario, and analyzes the impact of each part of the cascaded
channel on the localization performance. The Fisher information matrix (FIM)
and the position error bound (PEB) are derived. Besides, we also derive the
equivalent Fisher information (EFI) for the position-related intermediate
parameters. Enabled by the derived EFI, we verify that both the ranging and
bearing information of the user can be obtained when the near-field model is
considered for the RIS-User equipment (UE) part of the channel, while only the
direction of the UE can be inferred in the far-field scenario. This result is
well known in the scenario that the curvature of arrival (COA) is directly
sensed by the traditional active large-scale array, and we prove that it still
holds when the COA is sensed passively by the large RIS. For the base station
(BS)-RIS part of the channel, we reveal that this part of the channel
determines the type of the gain provided by the BS antenna array. Besides, in
the single-carrier, single snapshot case, it requires both the BS-RIS and the
RIS-UE part of the channel works in the near-field scenario to localize the UE.
We also show that the well-known focusing control scheme for RIS, which
maximizes the received SNR, is not always a good choice and may degrade the
localization performance in the asynchronous scenario. The simulation results
validate the analytic work. The impact of the focusing control scheme on the
PEB performances under synchronous and asynchronous conditions is also
investigated
Genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies putatively causal gut microbiota for multiple peptic ulcer diseases
ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) involves multiple factors, and the contribution of gut microbiota to this process remains unclear. While previous studies have associated gut microbiota with peptic ulcers, the precise nature of the relationship, whether causal or influenced by biases, requires further elucidation.DesignThe largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies was conducted by the MiBioGen consortium, which provided the summary statistics of gut microbiota for implementation in the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Summary statistics for five types of PUDs were compiled using the FinnGen Consortium R8 release data. Various statistical techniques, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), weighted mode, and simple mode, were employed to assess the causal relationships between gut microbiota and these five PUDs.ResultIn the intestinal microbiome of 119 known genera, we found a total of 14 causal associations with various locations of PUDs and reported the potential pathogenic bacteria of Bilophila et al. Among them, four had causal relationships with esophageal ulcer, one with gastric ulcer, three with gastroduodenal ulcer, four with duodenal ulcer, and two with gastrojejunal ulcer.ConclusionIn this study, the pathogenic bacterial genera in the gut microbiota that promote the occurrence of PUDs were found to be causally related. There are multiple correlations between intestinal flora and PUDs, overlapping PUDs have overlapping associated genera. The variance in ulcer-related bacterial genera across different locations underscores the potential influence of anatomical locations and physiological functions
Search for the decay
We search for radiative decays into a weakly interacting neutral
particle, namely an invisible particle, using the produced through the
process in a data sample of
decays collected by the BESIII detector
at BEPCII. No significant signal is observed. Using a modified frequentist
method, upper limits on the branching fractions are set under different
assumptions of invisible particle masses up to 1.2 . The upper limit corresponding to an invisible particle with zero mass
is 7.0 at the 90\% confidence level
Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO
JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve
Search for the reaction e+e−→χcJπ+π− and a charmoniumlike structure decaying to χcJπ± between 4.18 and 4.60 GeV
We search for the process e+e-→χcJπ+π- (J=0, 1, 2) and for a charged charmoniumlike state in the χcJπ± subsystem. The search uses datasets collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring at center-of-mass energies between 4.18 GeV and 4.60 GeV. No significant χcJπ+π- signals are observed at any center-of-mass energy, and thus upper limits are provided which also serve as limits for a possible charmoniumlike structure in the invariant χcJπ± mass
Observation of a structure in at from 2.05 to 3.08 GeV
The process has been studied for the
first time in detail using data sample collected with the BESIII detector at
the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies from 2.05 to 3.08 GeV. A
resonance with quantum numbers is observed with mass =
(2177.5 4.8 (stat) 19.5 (syst)) MeV/ and
width = (149.0 15.6 (stat) 8.9 (syst)) MeV with a
statistical significance larger than 10. The observed structure could
be identified with the , then the ratio of partial width between
the by BESIII and by BABAR is
( = 0.23 0.10 (stat) 0.18 (syst),
which is smaller than the prediction of the hybrid models by
several orders of magnitude
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